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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Soongsil University
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Article History
Received: 28 July 2025
Accepted: 24 December 2025
First Online: 5 January 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The UK Biobank has received approval from the North West Multi-centre Research Ethics Committee (MREC) as a Research Tissue Bank (RTB), allowing researchers to conduct studies within the RTB framework without requiring separate ethical approval. At recruitment, participants provided informed consent for research use, and all data were fully anonymized before access to ensure participant confidentiality. For this retrospective analysis, the requirement for additional informed consent was waived by the North West Multi-centre Research Ethics Committee (MREC).
