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Article History

Received: 3 September 2025

Accepted: 24 December 2025

First Online: 29 January 2026

Declarations

:

: EG received fees for lectures and/or consultations from Actelion, Bayer, GSK, Johnson & Johnson, MSD, Pfizer and United Therapeutics outside the submitted work. EG, KH and CAE hold the issued European patent “Gene panel specific for pulmonary hypertension and its uses” (EP3507380). TJL has received speaker fees and/or consultancy fees and/or financial and non-financial support for participation in scientific events and/or participated on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board for Acceleron Pharma, AstraZeneca, AOP orphan pharmaceuticals, Bayer, BMS, Böhringer Ingelheim, CGI medicare, Ferrer, Gossamer Bio, Johnson & Johnson, MSD, and Pfizer. SS received fees for lectures and/or consultations from Actelion, AOP Health, Bayer, Gossamer Bio, Keros Therapeutics, MSD, Janssen-Cilag, and Pfizer. NS received speaker and consulting fees from msd, AstraZeneca and Johnson & Johnson outside the submitted work. BM holds stocks in biotech and pharma, has received speaker honoraria from Bayer, AstraZeneca, SMT, Bristol Myers Squibb, Daiichi Sankyo, Novartis and Pfizer, and served as Scientific Advisor for Bristol Myers Squibb/Myokardia and NovoNordisk. SH received honoraria for lectures, consultancy, or both from Actelion, AOP, Bayer/MSD, GSK, Novartis, OMT, Pfizer, and United Therapeutics outside the submitted work. BE received travel fees, consulting fees, speaking fees, and/or honoraria from Actelion, MSD, Bayer and OMT, outside the submitted work. PX received speaker fees from Janssen, MSD and OMT outside the submitted work. CAE received honoraria for lectures and presentations from OMT and MSD, consulting fees from MSD outside the submitted work. MS, MP, SH, JH, MG, PD have no competing interests.