Gete, Yalemegena https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0869-7119
Shewangizaw, Beza
Kassie, Kenzemed
Assefa, Shawl
Amare, Tadele
Feyisa, Tesfaye
Shegaw, Getaneh
Getaneh, Lisanu
Mamo, Dejene
Lema, Getachew
Taye, Genet
Funding for this research was provided by:
This work was supported by the OCP Ethiopia Fertilizer Manufacturing PLC ((no grant number).)
This work was supported by the OCP Ethiopia Fertilizer Manufacturing PLC ((no grant number).)
This work was supported by the OCP Ethiopia Fertilizer Manufacturing PLC ((no grant number).)
This work was supported by the OCP Ethiopia Fertilizer Manufacturing PLC ((no grant number).)
This work was supported by the OCP Ethiopia Fertilizer Manufacturing PLC ((no grant number).)
This work was supported by the OCP Ethiopia Fertilizer Manufacturing PLC ((no grant number).)
This work was supported by the OCP Ethiopia Fertilizer Manufacturing PLC ((no grant number).)
This work was supported by the OCP Ethiopia Fertilizer Manufacturing PLC ((no grant number).)
This work was supported by the OCP Ethiopia Fertilizer Manufacturing PLC ((no grant number).)
This work was supported by the OCP Ethiopia Fertilizer Manufacturing PLC ((no grant number).)
This work was supported by the OCP Ethiopia Fertilizer Manufacturing PLC ((no grant number).)
Article History
Received: 12 September 2025
Accepted: 28 December 2025
First Online: 3 January 2026
Declarations
:
: This experiment was performed in accordance with the Debre Birhan Agricultural Research Center and Amhara Region Agricultural Research Institute review protocol. Based on this annual review, it has permission to do the experiment on the farms. The study involved on-farm fertilizer trials with volunteer farmers in North Shewa, Ethiopia. All participants gave informed consent for participation and for publication of photographs, and no personal or identifiable information was collected or disclosed.
: The authors declare no competing interests.