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Article History

Received: 8 June 2025

Accepted: 29 December 2025

First Online: 11 February 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: The need for formal ethics approval was waived by the Institutional Ethics Committee of the affiliated hospital of Yangzhou university, as the study involved collection of anonymized leftover blood samples from the Department of Blood Transfusion. The samples were obtained with institutional permission. This procedure is in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and complies with national guidelines regarding the use of secondary clinical material for research.

: Informed consent was obtained from all participants before their inclusion in the study. Due to privacy and confidentiality considerations, copies of the signed consent forms are not publicly available.