Han, Hee‑seung https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6034-3246
Hwang, Jaehyuk https://orcid.org/0009-0008-4679-931X
Lee, Seung Hye https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2630-3742
Kim, Yongjoon https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1531-9164
Kim, Sungtae https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6361-4104
Cho, Young-Dan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4694-5988
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Research Foundation of Korea (RS-2024-00349549)
National Research Foundation of Korea (RS-2022-NR067350)
Creative-Pioneering Researchers Program through Seoul National University
Article History
Received: 28 October 2025
Accepted: 29 December 2025
First Online: 18 January 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: All animal procedures, including selection, housing, and surgical interventions, were reviewed and approved by the Osstem Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (OST-IACUC-2002). All procedures were performed in accordance with a modified version of the Animal Research: Reporting of In Vivo Experiments (ARRIVE) guidelines.