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Authors
Kamal, Mian Muhammad
Khan, Wahab
Shambour, Qusai Y.
Gafar, Mahmoud Amr
Alarifi, Abdulaziz
Sheraz, Muhammad
Chuah, Teong Chee
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
King Saud University (ORF-2025-1476)
Multimedia University (MMUI/250008)
Telekom Research and Development Sdn Bhd (RDTC/241149)
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Article History
Received: 1 August 2025
Accepted: 29 December 2025
First Online: 8 January 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
