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Article History

Received: 25 August 2025

Accepted: 29 December 2025

First Online: 22 January 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This computational study exclusively utilized publicly available knowledge graph datasets (DBpedia, Freebase, YAGO, and Wikidata) accessed under their respective open-source licenses. As no human subjects, personal data, or proprietary information were involved in this research, formal IRB approval was not required according to institutional guidelines for computational research at Xuchang University. All data processing and algorithmic development adhered to established best practices for reproducible computational research and respected the original licensing terms of the datasets employed.