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Article History

Received: 24 September 2025

Accepted: 29 December 2025

First Online: 10 January 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This research does not involve the use of human tissue samples. This involved athletes from Dring Stadium Bahawalpur and industrial workers from relevant occupational settings, a thorough review of the research protocol, covering aspects such as study design, data collection methods, and participant involvement. The experiments took place at Dring Stadium Bahawalpur under the supervision of medical staff from Bahawal Victoria Hospital and were performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. This hospital, known for its comprehensive medical services, provided a suitable setting. All experimental protocols were approved by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Bahawal Victoria Hospital.

: An informed consent was obtained from all the participating subjects. And an ethical approval having reference # Ref No: BVH-IRB-255 was also secured from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Bahawal Victoria Hospital . The authors affirm their commitment to conducting research in accordance with the highest ethical standards and ensuring the accuracy, transparency, and reliability of the presented findings.