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Authors
Lin, Xin
Ma, Weiwei
Chen, Zhengjia
Liu, Side
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (2021A1515111179)
Science and Technology Projects in Guangzhou (Science and Technology Projects in Guangzhou)
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Article History
Received: 7 October 2025
Accepted: 30 December 2025
First Online: 4 February 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The ethical approval and participation consent followed the Helsinki Declaration guidelines. Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center review committee approved the utilization of the MIMIC-IV database. Given that the data is publicly accessible via the MIMIC-IV database, the need for ethical approval and informed consent was waived.
