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Article History

Received: 19 May 2025

Accepted: 31 December 2025

First Online: 2 February 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study complied with relevant institutional (Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile) and national guidelines and legislation governing the use of plant material. Q. saponaria samples were collected from trees located within the San Joaquín Campus of the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (Metropolitan Region), with institutional authorization. Q. saponaria is a native species and is not classified as protected or endangered under current Chilean environmental regulations 65 (Ministerio del Medio Ambiente, Gobierno de Chile). Therefore, no additional permits were required. A voucher specimen of Q. saponaria was deposited in the public Herbarium AGUCH (Herbario de la Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas, Universidad de Chile), under accession number AGUCH-78820. Plant material of E. globulus , an exotic and widely cultivated species in Chile, was collected from trees growing along a public roadside (Route E-46, Zapallar, Valparaíso Region). In accordance with standard practice for non-native and widely cultivated plant species, voucher specimen deposition was not required for E. globulus . Both E. globulus and Q. saponaria specimens were identified based on their morphological characteristics by agricultural engineer Edouard J. Acuña.