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Efficacy of malic and tartaric acid in mitigation of cadmium stress in Spinacia oleracea L. via modulations in physiological and biochemical attributes

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-85896-1

Published Online: 2025-01-27

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Shabbir, Ansa

Shah, Anis Ali

Usman, Sheeraz

Ahmed, Shakil

Kaleem, Muhammad

Shafique, Shiffa

Gatasheh, Mansour K.
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia (RSP2025R393)
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-01-27

Version of Record valid from 2025-01-27
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Article History

Received: 1 August 2024

Accepted: 7 January 2025

First Online: 27 January 2025

Statements & declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: We declare that the manuscript reporting studies do not involve any human participants, human data or human tissues. So, it is not applicable.

: Our experiment follows with the relevant institutional, national, and international guidelines and legislation.

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