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Authors
Wu, Han-Chieh
Chiu, Yueh-Tzu
Wu, I-Ching
Liou, Ci-Hong
Cheng, Hung-Wei
Kuo, Shu-Chen
Lauderdale, Tsai-Ling
Sytwu, Huey-Kang
Liao, Yu-Chieh
Chen, Feng-Jui
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Health Research Institutes (IV-111-PP-11, PH-112-PP-05, IV-111-PP-23)
Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan (111-2314-B-400-033)
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Article History
Received: 7 October 2024
Accepted: 11 February 2025
First Online: 20 February 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The bacterial isolates used in this study were provided by the Taiwan Surveillance of Antimicrobial Resistance (TSAR) program, which collects clinical isolates as part of routine surveillance activities in hospitals across Taiwan. The collection of these isolates was conducted under the ethical approvals granted to the TSAR program by the Research Ethics Committee of the National Health Research Institutes, Taiwan (EC1010602-E, EC1030406-E, and EC1050606-E). The use of these anonymized isolates in this research did not require additional ethical approval or informed consent, as no patient-identifiable information was accessed.
