Uthis, Penpaktr https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9169-0542
Hafifah, Ifa https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9587-1594
Suktrakul, Sunisa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9978-7979
Sornlar, Kongjak https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7645-062X
Sawangpon, Mali https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0324-9947
Funding for this research was provided by:
Thai Health Promotion Foundation (003/2016)
Thai Health Promotion Foundation (003/2016)
Thai Health Promotion Foundation (003/2016)
Thai Health Promotion Foundation (003/2016)
Thai Health Promotion Foundation (003/2016)
Article History
Received: 29 October 2024
Accepted: 12 February 2025
First Online: 5 March 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The research received approval from the Institutional Ethics Review Board of Boromarajonani National Institute for Drug Treatment and Rehabilitation Thailand. All participants provided informed consent and agreed to publication. For participants under 18, consent was obtained from their legal guardians or parents. The study followed the ethical standards outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki, adhering to all guidelines and regulations.