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Article History

Received: 12 October 2024

Accepted: 13 February 2025

First Online: 22 February 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board (IRB) of the Gamby Medical and Business College with reference number 127/22, and Ethiopian Public Health Institute Amhara region branch (APHI) with reference number ARPH/M/L/D/-T-02/1601 to conduct the study. Ethics approval and consent to participate in this study were confirmed by the IRB of Gamby Medical and Business College, and APHI confirming that all the methods were performed according to the rules and regulations of the IRB, Hospitals, and by the 1964 Helsinki Declaration. Informed consent was impracticable to this study. This study was done by the Helsinki Declaration which stated that “medical research using identifiable human material or data, physicians must normally seek consent for collection, analysis, and storage and/or reuse. There may be conditions where obtaining informed consent from the participants would be impossible or impracticable and threaten the validity of the research. In this instance, the research may be done after considerations and approval of the IRB”. The ethical approvals were submitted to the study area. Letters of permission were also obtained from the hospitals. Finally, permission letters were submitted to the hospitals’ Pediatric Department card rooms. Thus, the informed consent of the participants was waived by the IRB of the Gamby Medical and Business College and APHI. The collected data were kept anonymous and confidentiality was maintained.