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Authors
Zhang, Xin
Zhang, Guangyi
Pang, Xinjie
Li, Xin
Yao, Yu
Liu, Yifan
Bi, Yanxi
Sha, Min
Zhang, Xin
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Tianjin Sports Bureau research project special Fund (24BZ05, 24BZ05, 24BZ05, 24BZ05, 24BZ05, 24BZ05, 24BZ05, 24BZ05)
2024 National Sports Administration Science and Technology Innovation Program (24KJCX007, 24KJCX007, 24KJCX007, 24KJCX007, 24KJCX007, 24KJCX007)
National Planning Office of Philosophy and Social Science (24&ZD208)
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Article History
Received: 10 August 2024
Accepted: 18 February 2025
First Online: 22 February 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Volleyball Sports Management Center of the General Administration of Sport of China (Ethics Approval No. VSC-079).
: All participants provided written informed consent before participating in the study, acknowledging their voluntary involvement and understanding of the study’s procedures, objectives, and potential risks.
