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Article History

Received: 13 December 2023

Accepted: 24 February 2025

First Online: 11 March 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study was conducted on four publicly available datasets, without involving human subjects or introducing any additional risks or discomfort associated with research participation. As a result, ethical approval was not required for the study. When collaborating with clinical experts in the subsequent process, it is crucial to adhere strictly to medical ethics norms such as the Declaration of Helsinki and international guidelines. To ensure research aligns with ethical principles, measures like respecting patient consent, conducting rigorous reviews, anonymizing and securing data, implementing access controls, and providing regular training must be conducted to uphold legality and compliance and safeguard the integrity and trustworthiness of the research.