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Integrating convolutional layers and biformer network with forward-forward and backpropagation training

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-92218-y

Published Online: 2025-02-28

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Kianfar, Ali https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2817-3601
Razzaghi, Parvin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7031-4609
Asgari, Zahra https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9781-3483
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-02-28

Version of Record valid from 2025-02-28
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Article History

Received: 5 January 2025

Accepted: 26 February 2025

First Online: 28 February 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.