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Trends in hemoglobin-to- red cell distribution width ratio and its prognostic value for all-cause, cancer, and cardiovascular mortality: a nationwide cohort study

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-92228-w

Published Online: 2025-03-05

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Lai, Tianjie

Liang, Yiyin

Guan, Fenglei

Hu, Konghe https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3090-6095
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-03-05

Version of Record valid from 2025-03-05
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Article History

Received: 16 October 2024

Accepted: 26 February 2025

First Online: 5 March 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: During the execution of the study, we followed the Declaration of Helsinki, including its updates, or comparable international ethical guidelines to ensure that all research activities met ethical standards. The NHANES project, overseen by the NCHS, received thorough approval from the NCHS Ethics Review Board to guarantee that data collection and usage are legal and ethical. Given the secondary analytic nature of this study based on the NHANES database, and adhering to the STROBE guidelines to ensure the scientific validity and transparency of the data analyses, additional ethical approval was not required. Information on the status of ethical review approvals for the NHANES project can be obtained by visiting .

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