Wang, Dong
He, Chang
Zou, Shuhuai
Yu, Lizheng
Han, Biyuan
He, Liming
Liu, Ankang
Hong, Yingying
Li, Qianfeng
Article History
Received: 18 October 2024
Accepted: 27 February 2025
First Online: 6 March 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was conducted in full compliance with the principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki. The utilization of the MIMIC-IV database () was sanctioned by the Institutional Review Board of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. Given that the MIMIC-IV database is a publicly accessible resource, the requirement for specific ethical approval and individual informed consent for this study was waived. This waiver is in accordance with standard procedures for research involving de-identified, publicly available datasets.