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Article History

Received: 1 July 2024

Accepted: 4 March 2025

First Online: 6 June 2025

Declarations

:

: This study was approved by the Medical Ethics Committee (METc) of the Amsterdam UMC (NEwTON:2021.011; ADC: 2016.061). We confirm that all research was performed according to the declaration of Helsinki. Written informed consent was obtained from all study participants.

: S. Kamps, S. van Amerongen, E.R. Blujdea, M.I. Hoppen, B. Bongers, K.H.Schelvis, D.K. Caton, and M. Königs report no competing interests. E.G.B. Vijverberg has received consultancy fees (paid to the university) for New Amsterdam Pharma, Treeway, ReMynd, Vivoryon, Biogen, Vigil Neuroscience, ImmunoBrain Checkpoint, Muna Therapeutics, Esai, Eli Lilly, CogRX, Therini, UCB and Roche.Within his university affiliation he is PI of studies of DIAN, AC immune, Alnylam, CogRX therapeutics, New Amsterdam Pharma, Janssen, UCB, Roche, Vivoryon, ImmunoBrain, GSK, MSD, Biogen, Alector, Eli Lilly, AriBio Fuij Film Toyama, GemVax. EGBV is co-founder of the CANDIDATE Center Amsterdam UMC. EGBV collaborates on scientific projects with the Dutch Soccer Association (KNVB). R. Ossenkoppele has received research funding/support from Avid Radiopharmaceuticals, Janssen Research & Development, Roche, Quanterix and Optina Diagnostics, has given lectures in symposia sponsored by GE Healthcare, is an advisory board member for Asceneuron and a steering committee member for Biogen and Bristol Myers Squibb. All the aforementioned has been paid to his institutionsP. Scheltens is an employee of EQT Life Sciences (formerly LSP). Research of C.E. Teunissen is supported by the European Commission (Marie Curie International Training Network, grant agreement no 860197 [MIRIADE]), Innovative Medicines Initiatives 3TR (Horizon 2020, grant no. 831434) EPND (IMI 2 Joint Undertaking [JU], grant no. 101034344) and JPND (bPRIDE), National MS Society (Progressive MS alliance), Alzheimer Association, Health Holland, the Dutch Research Council (ZonMW), Alzheimer Drug Discovery Foundation, The Selfridges Group Foundation, Alzheimer Netherlands. C.E. Teunissen is recipient of ABOARD, which is a public-private partnership receiving funding from ZonMW (#73305095007) and Health∼Holland, Topsector Life Sciences & Health (PPP-allowance; #LSHM20106). C.E. Teunissen is recipient of TAP-dementia, a ZonMw funded project (#10510032120003) in the context of the Dutch National Dementia Strategy. C.E. Teunissen has a collaboration contract with ADx Neurosciences, Quanterix, and Eli Lilly, performed contract research or received grants from AC-Immune, Axon Neurosciences, BioConnect, Bioorchestra, Brainstorm Therapeutics, Celgene, EIP Pharma, Eisai, Fujirebio, Grifols, Instant Nano Biosensors, Merck, Novo Nordisk, PeopleBio, Roche, Siemens, Toyama, and Vivoryon. She is editor of Alzheimer Research and Therapy and serves on editorial boards of Medidact Neurologie/Springer and Neurology: Neuroimmunology & Neuroinflammation. She had speaker contracts for Roche, Grifols, and Novo Nordisk. All funds were paid to her institution.