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Article History

Received: 26 November 2024

Accepted: 4 March 2025

First Online: 17 March 2025

Change Date: 1 July 2025

Change Type: Update

Change Details: The original online version of this Article was revised: The funding section in the original version of this Article was incomplete. It now reads: “This work was supported, in part, by the European Commission via Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (MSCA) as part of the project REMARKABLE (No. 101086387), by the Scheme for Promotion of Academic \& Research Collaboration (SPARC), Government of India, via grant no. SPARC/2024-2025/NXTG/P3524, and by the COFAC - Cooperativa de Formação e Animação Cultural, C.R.L. (University of Lusófona University), via the project PortuLight (COFAC/ILIND/COPELABS/2/2023), by the national funds through FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia - as part of the projects URLLC-UAV (2023.08191.CEECIND), UNINOVA-CTS (UIDB/00066/2020) and COPELABS (no. UIDB/04111/2020), and by the Sri Lanka Institute of Information Technology through the grant PVC(R\&I)/RG/2024/12."

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: The authors declare that they have no known potential conflict of interest(s) to disclose.

: No human participants have directly participated in this research work. The FAM dataset and the corresponding images used in this manuscript for facial identities have been taken from Flickr-Faces-HQ (FFHQ) dataset. The FFHQ dataset is a publicly available dataset for facial imagery released by NVIDIA Labs and no permission is required to use these images. The readers can access the FFHQ dataset from: .