Document is current

Article History

Received: 28 November 2024

Accepted: 7 March 2025

First Online: 12 March 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study was conducted using publicly available data from the NHANES, which is collected and managed by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). NHANES data are de-identified and made publicly accessible, ensuring participant confidentiality. Therefore, this study did not require additional ethical approval or informed consent. The research followed the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.

: Not applicable.