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Authors
Nabavi, Ali
Safari, Farimah
Faramarzi, Ali
Kashkooli, Mohammad
Kebede, Meskerem Aleka
Aklilu, Tesfamariam
Celi, Leo Anthony
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Article History
Received: 22 July 2024
Accepted: 12 March 2025
First Online: 22 March 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study utilized publicly available deidentified data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2012–2018. As the data analysis was performed on anonymous secondary data, ethics approval and participant consent were not required. The data collection protocols and consent procedures for the NHANES 2012–2018 were approved by the National Center for Health Statistics Research Ethics Review Board (approval number: Protocol #2005–06). Written informed consent was obtained from all NHANES participants prior to enrolment. This study complies fully with the Declaration of Helsinki ethical principles for medical research involving human subjects.
