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Article History

Received: 15 January 2025

Accepted: 14 March 2025

First Online: 23 March 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: A written informed consent was obtained from the participant. Additionally, the participants were informed that their participation was purely voluntary. They were instructed on how to answer the questions, and emphasis was placed on the possibility of quitting the survey at any moment if so desired with no consequences. Additionally, they were told that their responses would be kept confidential and that all data would be collected solely for this research.

: This investigation was conducted using the American Psychological Association (APA) that guides such research conducted on human subjects. In addition, it is approved by the Ethical Committee of Hebei Finance University with approval number ECHFU-24-008. In the protocol, participants were ensured for the privacy of information; no harm would be caused to them in any form on account of participation. The investigation met all relevant ethical standards, regulations, and guidelines on data protection and responsible conduct in research.