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Article History

Received: 10 December 2024

Accepted: 14 March 2025

First Online: 3 April 2025

Change Date: 10 May 2025

Change Type: Update

Change Details: The original online version of this Article was revised: In the original version of this Article, Wu-Chien Chien and Sung-Sen Yang were incorrectly affiliated with “Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, 7115R, No.325, Section 2, Cheng-Kung Road, Nei-hu District, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan”.

Change Details: The correct affiliations for Wu-Chien Chien are ‘Graduate Institute of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan’, ‘Department of Medical Research, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 11490, Taiwan’, ‘School of Public Health, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan’, ‘Taiwanese Injury Prevention and Safety Promotion Association (TIPSPA), Taipei 11490, Taiwan’ and ‘Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan’. The correct affiliations for Sung-Sen Yang are ‘Graduate Institute of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan’ and ‘Department of Nephrology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei 11490, Taiwan’.

Change Details: The article has been corrected.

Competing interests

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study was conducted according to the Code of Ethics of the World Medical Association (Declaration of Helsinki). The Institutional Review Board of the Tri-Service General Hospital approved this study (TSGHIRB No. E202416046)) and waived the need for individual consent since all the identification data were encrypted in the NHIRD.