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Authors
Bazel, Mahmood A.
Mohammed, Fathey
Ahmad, Mazida
Baarimah, Abdullah O.
Al Maskari, Tahra
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Article History
Received: 29 November 2024
Accepted: 19 March 2025
First Online: 23 April 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations issued by the School of Computing, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia. The research protocols were approved by School of Computing, Universiti Utara Malaysia, Malaysia, as part of the requirements for the Ph.D. program.
: Informed consent was obtained from all participants prior to their participation in the study. Participants were provided with details about the study’s purpose, voluntary nature, and assurance of confidentiality.
