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Article History

Received: 16 January 2025

Accepted: 28 March 2025

First Online: 17 July 2025

Change Date: 27 August 2025

Change Type: Update

Change Details: The original online version of this Article was revised: The original version of this Article contained errors in the Acknowledgements and Funding sections. The correct Acknowledgements section now reads: “The authors express their gratitude to the Centre for Nanotechnology, University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur, Karnataka, India, for granting access to the necessary facilities to carry out the experiments. The authors extend their appreciation to Ongoing Research Funding program - Research Chairs (ORF-RC-2025-5509), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia for funding this manuscript”. The correct Funding section now reads: “This research article was funded by Ongoing Research Funding program - Research Chairs (ORF-RC-2025-5509), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The authors also express their gratitude to the University of Agricultural Sciences (UAS), Raichur, Karnataka, India, for support”.

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: The plant materials used in this study, identified as Terminalia catappa L., Tridax procumbens L., and Cajanus cajan L., are commonly available species and are available in public herbaria. Voucher samples for Terminalia catappa(Accession No. PP608) and Tridax procumbens(Accession No. PSN414) are available from the Herbarium of Mahatma Gandhi Botanical Garden, University of Agricultural Sciences, Bangalore, and the National Tropical Botanical Garden, ensuring their public accessibility. Cajanus cajan is a widely cultivated field crop, and this study involved the evaluation of the crop using synthesized nanoiron and nanozinc derived from its leaf extracts. As such, this crop does not require a voucher specimen number. All the plant materials were collected in accordance with institutional guidelines, with the necessary permissions and oversight provided by Dr. B. K. Desai, an agronomist at the University of Agricultural Sciences, Raichur.