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Article History

Received: 2 September 2024

Accepted: 31 March 2025

First Online: 14 May 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study followed the Declaration of Helsinki and ensured that ethical standards were met. Before the experiment began, the researchers explained the purpose, procedures, potential risks, and benefits of the study in detail to all participants. All participants signed informed consent forms. They had the right to withdraw from the study at any time without facing any negative consequences. All data collected were anonymized to protect the participants’ privacy and data confidentiality.

: The consent has been obtained from all study participants for the publication of any identifying information or images (Fig. 1) in an online open-access publication.