Document is current

Article History

Received: 16 January 2025

Accepted: 3 April 2025

First Online: 10 April 2025

Declarations

:

: Not applicable. No individual-level data, images, or details requiring consent for publication were used in this study.

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study utilized pre-existing, anonymized data obtained from the archives of the Iraqi Association for Psychotherapy. The data were originally collected following ethical guidelines, with informed consent obtained from participants or their legal guardians at the time of collection. Ethical approval for the use of these data in the present study was granted by the Scientific Committee of the Iraqi Association for Psychotherapy (IAP), ensuring compliance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and applicable local regulations. Since the data were fully de-identified before analysis and collected retrospectively, no additional ethical approval or informed consent was required for this study.