Ge, Xue
Yao, Lan
Liu, Yan
Wang, Yi
Zhang, Fang
Article History
Received: 17 December 2024
Accepted: 8 April 2025
First Online: 16 April 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The ethical review board of the First Hospital of Qinhuangdao evaluated and sanctioned this research protocol, ensuring adherence to the Helsinki Declaration. The approval was granted under the reference number 202401A111. Due to the retrospective nature of data gathering in this study, the board also provided a waiver for informed consent. Prior to analysis, all patient data were anonymized to protect privacy.
: Retrospective analysis.