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Article History

Received: 16 May 2024

Accepted: 8 April 2025

First Online: 16 April 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: The study was carried out in compliance with the ARRIVE guidelines. All methods were carried out in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations set forth by the Korean Laboratory Animal Act and the guidelines of the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Gangneung-Wonju National University (GWNU-IACUC). Additionally, fish handling and tagging procedures followed the guidelines set forth by the National Institute of Fisheries Science (Permit number: 227-82-09903). Under the Korean Laboratory Animal Act, animals and animal experimentation facilities used in experiments necessary for the development, safety management, and quality control of food, drugs, health functional foods, quasi-drugs, biological drugs, medical devices, cosmetics, and the safety management and quality control of narcotics require the convening of an Animal Ethics Committee. However, in this study, no animals were killed. Instead, they were tagged and immediately released back into their habitat to allow for spawning migration. Small and light tags were used to ensure that the animals did not experience discomfort and could continue their normal behavior. All procedures were completed within a short period. For these reasons, ethical approval was considered unnecessary. Nonetheless, in this study, all experimental protocols were approved by the GWNU-IACUC, and all methods were carried out in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations set forth by the Korean Laboratory Animal Act and the guidelines of the GWNU-IACUC.