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Authors
Liu, Shanna
Shang, Bo
Yan, Junliang
Zhu, Zenghua
Ding, Yuanhao
Zhou, Qingli
Wei, Chengjing
Shen, Yuqiang
Zhu, Xinjian
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
General Research Projects of Zhejiang Provincial Department of Education (Y202353881)
the Zhejiang Provincial Department of Science and Technology 2024 Pointman Programme (2024C03270)
Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province (LGF22H180006)
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Article History
Received: 26 December 2024
Accepted: 8 April 2025
First Online: 18 April 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Ethics approval for this retrospective study was obtained from the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine Human Research Ethics Committee (approval number: K2024220). The data used in this study were extracted from a pre-existing database established in 2023. Although the original database contained case records, all personal identifiers, including medical record numbers, were removed prior to analysis to ensure anonymity. As such, informed consent was waived by the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine Human Research Ethics Committee. The images presented in this manuscript do not contain any identifiable personal details. All individuals depicted in the images have been anonymized, and no information is provided that could lead to the identification of any person. This study was conducted in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki and all applicable ethical guidelines.
