Document is current

Article History

Received: 22 November 2024

Accepted: 10 April 2025

First Online: 26 May 2025

Declarations

:

: M.L., A.P., L.T., A.A.L., M.E.F., J.R.K., M.S., A.T., S.H., C.M., E.L.F., D.M., B.N., Z.T., S.A.M., A.H. and G.M. were employed by and/or shareholders of Novartis Pharma AG during this study. All other authors have no competing interest in this study.

: Female 6-8-week-old C57BL/6 (Jackson Laboratory) and Swiss Webster (Charles River Laboratories) mice were maintained in a facility accredited by the Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care (AAALAC) at Novartis AG. Experiments were conducted in accordance with animal protocols approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC, Novartis). Mice were anesthetized using isoflurane (3% isoflurane and 2 L/min oxygen) prior to retro-orbital injections and euthanized with CO2 followed by either cervical dislocation or bilateral thoracotomy for terminal blood collection. Euthanasia methods were in accordance with the recommendations set forth in the latest Panel Report of the American Veterinary Medical Association guidelines on euthanasia or pre-approved by the IACUC and the attending veterinarian. All procedures involving NHPs were reviewed and approved by the IACUC of OHSU / ONPRC or UGA. Both OHSU / ONPRC and UGA are certified by AAALAC International. For experiments performed at UGA, male Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) were obtained from ONPRC, transported to UGA for use in malaria-related studies, and underwent quarantine procedures upon arrival. For experiments performed at OSHU, Japanese macaques and rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) are purpose-bred at ONPRC. Prior to use, all NHPs underwent thorough physical exams and blood work to confirm their suitability for malaria-related studies. All NHPs were socially housed when compatible animals were available and when it did not interfere with the study goals and were provided environmental enrichment consisting of daily feeding enrichment, provision of manipulanda, and physical enrichment as described in the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. All procedures, including blood collections, inoculation procedures, parasitemia monitoring, sedation and analgesia protocols, were reviewed and approved by the IACUC prior to the beginning of an infection and were followed accordingly. The authors confirm that this study is reported in accordance with the ARRIVE guidelines.