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Authors
Zhu, Shouqiang
Bo, Jinhua
Xia, Tianjiao
Gu, Xiaoping
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The National Natural Science Foundation of China (81730033)
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Article History
Received: 25 January 2025
Accepted: 10 April 2025
First Online: 10 May 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Ethical approval for all the CHARLS waves was granted by the Institutional Review Board (IRB) at Peking University. The IRB approval number for the main household survey, including anthropometrics, is IRB00001052‑11015. All methods in this study were performed in accordance with the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki. Clinical trial number: not applicable.
: During the fieldwork, each respondent who agreed to participate in the survey signed two copies of an informed consent form; one copy was retained at the CHARLS office, where it was also scanned and saved in PDF format. For participants who were illiterate or otherwise vulnerable, informed consent was obtained from a parent and/or legal guardian.
