Document is current

Article History

Received: 16 December 2024

Accepted: 11 April 2025

First Online: 30 April 2025

Declarations

:

: B.K. is a member of the Scientific Advisory Board of Project Implicit, a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization and international collaborative of researchers who are interested in implicit social cognition. K.O., E.H., and M.J.F. have no competing interests to disclose.

: The project received ethical approval from the Yale University Institutional Review Board (“Social learning and memory”, #2000029368) and the University of Illinois Urbana–Champaign Office for the Protection of Research Subjects (“Regional and individual determinants of attitudes and stereotypes”, IRB23-0325). All research was performed in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. All participants in Studies 1–3A provided informed consent; Study 3B relied entirely on archival data.