Document is current

Article History

Received: 9 December 2024

Accepted: 14 April 2025

First Online: 25 April 2025

Declarations

:

: Dr. Maddox, Roselani Maddox, and Takisha Adair are employees of AppliedVR, Inc. Joshua Sackman is president of AppliedVR, Inc. Drs. Oldstone and Sparks are former employees of AppliedVR, Inc who were employed during execution of the study. Dr. Bonakdar, Dr. Linde-Zwirble, and Kelsey Ffrench are consultants/contractors for AppliedVR, Inc. Dr. Darnall is compensated to serve as chief science advisor for AppliedVR, Inc. Dr. Darnall has authored or coauthored five pain treatment books for patients and clinicians and receives royalties for four. Dr. Darnall is the principal investigator for pain research grants and awards from the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the Patient-Centered Research Outcomes Research Institute (nonspecific to the current work). Dr. Darnall is a co-investigator on two NIH research grants investigating virtual reality analgesia; neither of these grants is specific to the current work. Dr. Darnall serves on the Board of Directors for the Institute for Brain Potential and on the Medical Advisory Board of the Facial Pain Association Dr. Darnall is a current scientific member of the NIH Interagency Pain Research Coordinating Committee, former member of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Opioid Workgroup (2020–2021), and the Pain Advisory Group of the American Psychological Association.