Document is current

Article History

Received: 22 November 2024

Accepted: 17 April 2025

First Online: 25 April 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: The study had obtained the approval of the Ethics Review Committee of Fujian Medical University Union Hospital (approval number: 2023KJCXC028). All participants were recruited from the Department of General Surgery of Fujian Medical University Union Hospital. Before enrollment, each participant was provided with detailed information about the study’s objectives, procedures, potential risks, and benefits. Written informed consent had been obtained from all participants before any samples were collected. Participants were informed that they had the right to withdraw from the study at any time without any consequences to their medical care. Meanwhile, all tissue samples collected for this study had been de—identified to ensure patient confidentiality. The samples were labeled with unique codes, and all personal identifiers had been removed to protect participant privacy. The handling, storage, and analysis of the samples were carried out in accordance with the ethical guidelines and regulations set by the Ethics Review Committee. The study was conducted in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and all procedures were monitored and approved by the Ethics Review Committee to ensure compliance with ethical standards.