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Article History

Received: 13 January 2025

Accepted: 17 April 2025

First Online: 20 May 2025

Change Date: 17 June 2025

Change Type: Update

Change Details: The original online version of this Article was revised: The Acknowledgments section in the original version of this Article was incomplete. “We acknowledge Luis Neves for verifying the tick identification. We also thank the staff of the Hans Hoheisen Wildlife Research Station for logistical support, environmental monitors, Handry Mathebula and Julia D. Sithole, for assistance in the Bushbuckridge-East community, and the tribal council for allowing us to work in their community. Appreciation is extended to Derek Pouchnik and Mark Wildung from the Genomics Sequencing Core at Washington State University for assistance with microbiome sequencing.” It now reads: "We acknowledge Luis Neves for verifying the tick identifications. We thank the staff of the Hans Hoheisen Research Centre for logistical support, environmental monitors, Handry Mathebula and Julia D. Sithole, for assistance in the Bushbuckridge-East community, and the tribal council for allowing us to work in their community. Appreciation is extended to Derek Pouchnik and Mark Wildung from the Genomics Sequencing Core at Washington State University for assistance with microbiome sequencing.

Change Details: We thank the South African National Research Foundation (NRF) for grants 92739 and 110448, and 109350, NIH NIAID R01AI136832, and the Belgian Directorate General for Development Cooperation Framework FA4 (ITM-DGCD) awarded to Marinda Oosthuizen, as well as the Agricultural Sector Education Training Authority (AgriSETA; BU18UP124-18.2) Scholarship and the Meat Industry Trust for the bursary awarded to Rebecca E. Ackermann. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the funding bodies." The original Article has been corrected.

Declarations

:

: The following committees approved this project: The Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria (UP) Research Ethics Committee (REC010-18), the UP Animal Ethics Committee (V012-18 and V064-16), and the UP Faculty of Humanities Research Ethics Committee (GW20180719HS). Permission was obtained to conduct the research, in terms of Sect. 20 of the Animal Diseases Act of 1984, from the Department of Agriculture, Land Reform and Rural Development (DALRRD) South Africa, with reference numbers 12/11/1/1/8 and 12/11/1/1. Animal owners provided informed consent for us to work with their animals, by signing a consent form that was translated into the local language (Shangaan); interpreters were available to translate any questions.

: The authors declare no competing interests.