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Article History

Received: 7 November 2024

Accepted: 17 April 2025

First Online: 30 April 2025

Declarations

:

: C.D.A. receives sponsored research support from the US National Institutes of Health, the American Heart Assocsiation, and Bayer AG, and has consulted for ApoPharma. M.C. is supported by the Wellcome Trust [grant number 205339/Z/16/Z]. J.R. receives sponsored research support from the US National Institutes of Health and the American Heart Association, receives payments for consulting and expert testimony from the National Football League, and has a leadership or fiduciary role at Columbia University and Lancet Neurology. G.F. receives sponsored research support from the National Institute of Mental Health Clinical Global Mental Health Research T32 Fellowship, receives royalties or licenses from Johns Hopkins University Press, University of Chicago Press, Belvoir Press, and the American Psychiatric Press, is on a Data Safety Monitoring Board or Advisory Board of Healthy Hearts Healthy Minds DSMB, is a Board of Directors member at the Rosalynn Carter Institute, and has stock or stock options from Revival Therapeutics Consultant. All other authors have no competing interest with this study.

: This study was approved by Massachusetts General Hospital with IRB protocol, #2015P000046. Participants were recruited via Prolific and provided informed consent. All data were anonymized to ensure privacy. All methods were performed in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. This study was performed in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki.