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Article History

Received: 3 November 2024

Accepted: 23 April 2025

First Online: 28 April 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: Identifies the institutional and/or licensing committee that approved the experiments, including any relevant details. Confirms that all experiments were performed in accordance with relevant named guidelines and regulations. Confirms that informed consent was obtained from all participants. All of the experimental procedures involving human were conducted in accordance with the Institutional guidelines of Yantai Nanshan University, China.

: Ethical review and approval was not required for the study on human participants in accordance with the local legislation and institutional requirements.In this study, female users were invited to fill out a questionnaire covering frontline healthcare workers, community volunteers, transportation and logistics workers, housewives, and so on, to investigate the factors affecting their choice of protective clothing. Content concerned with human participants: (1)Before conducting the research, voluntary informed content forms signed by the research participants have been obtained.The relevant content and purpose of the study were within the scope of standardized informed consent.(2)This study uses anonymized information data to conduct research. (3)This research does not cause harm to the human body and does not involve sensitive personal information or commercial interests.This study complies with the principles expressed in the Declaration of Helsinki. Moreover, this research complies with the ethical exemption requirements of the “Ethical Review Measures for Life Sciences and Medical Research Involving Humans” promulgated by China, and can be exempted from ethical review.

: Informed consent was obtained from all subjects and our legal guardian(s) involved in the research.