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Authors
Zhang, Lu
Liu, Tingting
Wang, Guangdong
Liu, Boheng
Shen, Huan
Mei, Yun
Liu, Yang
Cao, Gang
Yu, Shuo
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Article History
Received: 1 August 2025
Accepted: 1 January 2026
First Online: 6 January 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The use of the MIMIC-IV database for this study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center (BIDMC IRB) under protocol number 2001P-001699/14. The requirement for written informed consent was waived by the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center Institutional Review Board, as the study involved analysis of de-identified, publicly available data and posed minimal risk to participants.
