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Introduction of the Ex/AxI ratio for optimized assessment of exophthalmos based on bulbar position parameters examined in a population-based MRI study

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-35424-6

Published Online: 2026-01-16

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Lüdtke, Lisa

Ittermann, Till

Jürgens, Clemens

Langner, Sönke

Beule, Achim

Völzke, Henry

Stahl, Andreas

Tost, Frank
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

Universitätsmedizin Greifswald
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-01-16

Version of Record valid from 2026-01-20
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Article History

Received: 29 November 2024

Accepted: 6 January 2026

First Online: 16 January 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: The study was approved by the local Ethics committee of University Medicine Greifswald (former Faculty of Medicine of the Ernst-Moritz-Arndt University of Greifswald) to conduct a population study and follows the Declaration of Helsinki. All subjects gave written informed consent.

: Not applicable.

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