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Article History

Received: 15 September 2025

Accepted: 7 January 2026

First Online: 14 January 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study did not involve human participants or animals, and no ethical approval was required. All research procedures adhered to relevant ethical guidelines and best practices for non-human and non-animal research.

: The authors consent to the publication of this manuscript.

: The authors affirm that this manuscript provides a truthful, accurate, and transparent account of the research. No significant aspects of the study have been omitted, and any deviations from the original study plan (and, if applicable, registration) have been fully explained.

: The authors declare not use AI-assisted technologies in creating this article.