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Article History

Received: 6 November 2025

Accepted: 7 January 2026

First Online: 12 January 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: Primary human cells used in these experiments were isolated from blood obtained from healthy human volunteers following informed written consent using a protocol approved by the Duke University Institutional Review Board and carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. Prior to conducting the research described in this paper, the experimenters were trained in “Responsible Care and Use of Laboratory Animals” as required by the National Advisory Committee for Laboratory Animal Research (NACLAR) in Singapore. The facilities at National University of Singapore (NUS) are fully accredited by the American Association for Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care (AAALAC) and all animal experiments were conducted in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations and based on protocol approved by NUS Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC). All methods were conducted in accordance with ARRIVE guidelines.