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Article History

Received: 28 September 2024

Accepted: 8 January 2026

First Online: 12 January 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: Ethical approval for the study was received from the Ethical Review Board Committee of the School of Nursing, University of Gondar, on behalf of the University of Gondar Institutional Review Board (IRB) (Ref. No: S/N/040/2015, or date of approval: 26/01/2015 E.C. [03/09/2022 G.C.]). The University of Gondar Institutional Review Board waived the requirement for informed consent since this was a retrospective review of patient charts and did not include direct contact with neonates nor their families. The study was undertaken following the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and the national required regulations for research. Administrative permission was obtained from the hospital administration before data collection. The confidentiality of patients was protected by replacing patient identifiers with unique codes. Additionally, all data extracted from charts and patient records were securely stored and used only for this research study.