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Article History

Received: 10 September 2025

Accepted: 8 January 2026

First Online: 13 January 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the Chengdu University of Technology Research Ethics Committee. Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board of the College of Engineering and Technology (Ethics Approval Number: CUT-EET-2024-087). The research involved computational simulations and synthetic data generation using physics-based modeling of swimming biomechanics and hydrodynamics. No human subjects were directly involved in the experimental procedures. All simulated swimmer profiles were generated using anonymized and aggregated anthropometric data from publicly available sports science databases, ensuring compliance with data protection regulations and research ethics guidelines.