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Authors
Bae, Youngoh https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1226-1414
Lee, Seung Won https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5632-5208
Seo, Seondeok https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4850-3015
Han, Jongseung https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3695-0624
Yang, Daewon https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2487-1461
Park, Jin Hoon https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0903-3146
Jung, Hohyun https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8460-5933
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Sungkyunkwan University
Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (BK21)
National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF [2021-R1-I1A2(059735)], RS [2024-0040(5650)], RS [2024-0044(0881)], RS [2019-II19(0421)], RS [2025-2544(3209)])
National Research Foundation of Korea (RS [2024-00455553])
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Article History
Received: 3 December 2025
Accepted: 8 January 2026
First Online: 18 January 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Sungshin Women’s University (SSWUIRB-2025–055). All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. Informed consent was waived because the study used anonymized secondary data provided by the Korean National Health Insurance Service.
