Ye, Wei
Chen, Shasha
Jiang, Diying
Wang, Yuan
Sun, Xiaomeng
Liu, Qiang
Article History
Received: 15 May 2025
Accepted: 8 January 2026
First Online: 13 January 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: Ethical approval for all the CHARLS waves was granted from the Institutional Review Board at Peking University. The IRB approval number for the main household survey, including anthropometrics, is IRB00001052-11015; the IRB approval number for biomarker collection is IRB00001052-11014.