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Authors
Sebayang, Boni F.
van de Straat, Bram
Kurniawan, Ahadi
Garjito, Triwibowo A.
Haq, Adzkia M.
Westaway, Jacob A. F.
Lubis, Inke N. D.
Grigg, Matthew J.
Russell, Tanya L.
Burkot, Thomas R.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
James Cook University Postgraduate Research Scholarship
NHMRC EL2 Investigator grant
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Article History
Received: 11 October 2025
Accepted: 9 January 2026
First Online: 28 January 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: The studies were conducted in accordance with the guidelines and regulations approved by Universitas Sumatera Utara Faculty of Medicine (application number 723/KEP/USU/2021) on 14 July 2021 and James Cook University (application number H8583) on 29 September 2021.
: Human landing catch (HLC) procedures followed the ethical approvals of Universitas Sumatera Utara and James Cook University. All collectors were adults (≥ 18 years) who provided written informed consent after being informed of the associated risks and benefits. Volunteers received training in mosquito collection using an oral aspirator, and all measures outlined in the ethics approvals to minimise exposure to mosquito bites were strictly implemented.
