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Authors
Müller, Bernhard
Padberg, Inken
Lorke, Michael
Brinks, Ralph
Cripps, Sally
Gomes, M. Gabriela M.
Haake, Daniel
Ioannidis, John P. A.
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Article History
Received: 13 June 2025
Accepted: 12 January 2026
First Online: 19 January 2026
Declarations
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: This study did not involve research on humans or animals, and only used publicly available, non-personal data sets.
: B.M., I.P., M.L., and R.B. are signatories of a call for a non-partisan pandemic review in Germany (https://pandemieaufarbeitung.net). B.M. has been engaged in discussion and consultation of pandemic policy and science policy with members of several German parties (CDU, CSU, FDP, SPD, BSW, Greens), but is not receiving remuneration. S.C., M.G.M.G., D.H., and J.P.A.I. have no competing interests to declare.
